MSP Calculator 2026-27 — Minimum Support Price for All Crops

MSP (Minimum Support Price) is the government-declared minimum price at which government agencies agree to purchase a farmer's crop, protecting farmers from distress selling when market prices fall. It is recommended annually by the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) and approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA).

MSP is calculated using the A2+FL cost formula: A2 covers all actual paid-out costs (seeds, fertilisers, pesticides, irrigation, hired labour, fuel, machinery hire), and FL is the imputed value of unpaid family labour. The government targets a minimum 50% return over A2+FL cost for most crops. For 2026-27, wheat MSP is ₹2,425/quintal (50.4% return over A2+FL cost) and paddy (common) is ₹2,300/quintal (52% return over A2+FL cost).

The CACP also considers factors like supply-demand balance, domestic and international price trends, terms of trade between agriculture and non-agriculture sectors, and the likely impact on consumer prices before finalising its recommendation to the government.

For Rabi Marketing Season (RMS) 2026-27, the MSP for wheat has been fixed at ₹2,425 per quintal — an increase of ₹150 (approximately 6.6%) over the previous year's ₹2,275. This is the highest ever MSP for wheat and gives farmers a return of approximately 50% over the A2+FL cost of production.

For Kharif Marketing Season (KMS) 2026-27, the MSP for paddy (common grade) is ₹2,300 per quintal and paddy (Grade A) is ₹2,320 per quintal — an increase of approximately 5.4% over ₹2,183 in 2024-25. Both wheat and paddy procurement are actively undertaken by FCI and state agencies across Punjab, Haryana, MP, UP, Chhattisgarh, and other states.

Among all crops, the highest MSP hike in 2026-27 was given to Nigerseed (+12.7%), Barley (+14.1%), and De-husked Coconut (+17%), while Ragi, Urad, Sunflower Seed, Safflower, and Long Staple Cotton saw no increase over the previous year.

The procurement agency depends on the crop: For wheat and paddy, contact the Food Corporation of India (fci.gov.in) or your state's procurement agency — HAFED in Haryana, PUNGRAIN in Punjab, Rajfed in Rajasthan, MP State Civil Supplies Corporation in MP, etc. Registration typically opens a month before the procurement season begins.

For pulses and oilseeds (tur, moong, urad, groundnut, mustard, soybean, sunflower, sesamum), NAFED and NCCF conduct Price Support Scheme (PSS) procurement when market prices fall below MSP. Visit nafed.gov.in to register and find nearby procurement centres. For cotton, the Cotton Corporation of India (CCI at cotcorp.gov.in) procures at MSP when market prices dip below MSP.

For sugarcane, sugar mills in your area are legally required to pay the FRP (₹340/quintal in 2026-27). If a mill refuses or delays, file a complaint with the District Sugar Officer or the state sugarcane department. For online trading, register on e-NAM (enam.gov.in) to trade across 1,000+ APMCs nationwide with transparent price discovery and direct bank payment.

First, it is important to understand that while private buyers are not legally obligated to purchase at MSP, government procurement agencies cannot force farmers to sell below MSP. If you are being compelled to sell below MSP in a government-notified procurement operation, you have the right to complain.

Steps you can take: (1) File a written complaint with your state's Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) or District Collector/District Agriculture Officer. (2) Call the PM-KISAN helpline at 155261 or toll-free 1800-115-526. (3) Register with NAFED/NCCF for PSS procurement if your crop is a pulse or oilseed — nafed.gov.in. (4) Use e-NAM (enam.gov.in) to trade at transparent online prices across multiple APMCs.

The best long-term protection against below-MSP sales is advance registration with the relevant procurement agency before the season starts. Farmers who are registered in the system are in a much stronger position to demand and receive MSP than those who approach a buyer at the last minute under financial pressure.

No — this is one of the most misunderstood aspects of MSP in India. While MSP is announced for 23 crops nationally, actual government procurement at MSP varies dramatically by state, crop, and season. Wheat and paddy procurement is robust and large-scale in Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, and select districts of UP. But in many states — particularly in eastern India and for non-cereal crops — government procurement infrastructure is very weak.

For pulses, oilseeds, and cotton, NAFED and CCI procure only when market prices fall below MSP (price support scheme) — they do not guarantee procurement for all farmers regardless of price. This means in a year when mandi prices are above MSP (e.g., mustard in many years), government procurement agencies do not operate at all, which is actually a good outcome for farmers. But in distress years, capacity is often inadequate.

States with stronger APMC networks (Maharashtra for cotton and onion, Rajasthan for mustard, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for paddy) generally offer better MSP access. Farmers in states with weaker infrastructure are advised to register with NAFED or use e-NAM (enam.gov.in) for better price realization. Check state-wise procurement notifications at agricoop.nic.in.

Wheat MSP has grown from ₹2,015 per quintal in 2021-22 to ₹2,425 in 2026-27 — a cumulative increase of ₹410 or approximately 20.3% over five years, averaging about 4.7% per year. Year-by-year: 2021-22: ₹2,015; 2022-23: ₹2,015 (no increase); 2023-24: ₹2,125 (+5.5%); 2024-25: ₹2,275 (+7.1%); 2026-27: ₹2,425 (+6.6%). The steepest hikes came in 2024-25 and 2026-27.

For comparison, paddy MSP has grown from ₹1,940 in 2021-22 to ₹2,300 in 2026-27 (+18.6%), and tur (arhar) from ₹6,300 to ₹7,550 (+19.8%). Mustard has seen strong increases from ₹5,050 to ₹5,950 (+17.8%) amid the government's push for oilseed self-sufficiency under the National Mission on Edible Oils.

Against the backdrop of general inflation of 5-6% per year over the same period, real (inflation-adjusted) MSP growth has been modest for most crops. Farmer organisations continue to demand MSP based on the comprehensive C2 cost formula (which includes imputed rent on land) rather than the A2+FL cost formula currently used, which would significantly raise MSP levels.